close

Definitions over time (1)

19/12/2002 – 01/05/2004 Article 1, Directive 2002/83/EC Scope: Whole act

(r) ‘close’ links shall mean a situation in which two or more natural or legal persons are linked by: A situation in which two or more natural or legal persons are permanently linked to one and the same person by a control relationship shall also be regarded as constituting a close link between such persons. participation, which shall mean the ownership, direct or by way of control, of 20 % or more of the voting rights or capital of an undertaking; or control, which shall mean the relationship between a parent undertaking and a subsidiary, in all the cases referred to in Article 1(1) and (2) of Directive 83/349/EEC, or a similar relationship between any natural or legal person and an undertaking; any subsidiary undertaking of a subsidiary undertaking shall also be considered a subsidiary of the parent undertaking which is at the head of those undertakings.

Open an entry to see its definitions, dates and uses. Separate scopes and histories are kept intact.

No text uses this concept on 13/11/2026.