close

Uses as of 23/12/2003

Definitions over time (1)

19/12/2002 – 01/05/2004 applies on 23/12/2003 Article 1, Directive 2002/83/EC Scope: Whole act

(r) ‘close’ links shall mean a situation in which two or more natural or legal persons are linked by: A situation in which two or more natural or legal persons are permanently linked to one and the same person by a control relationship shall also be regarded as constituting a close link between such persons. participation, which shall mean the ownership, direct or by way of control, of 20 % or more of the voting rights or capital of an undertaking; or control, which shall mean the relationship between a parent undertaking and a subsidiary, in all the cases referred to in Article 1(1) and (2) of Directive 83/349/EEC, or a similar relationship between any natural or legal person and an undertaking; any subsidiary undertaking of a subsidiary undertaking shall also be considered a subsidiary of the parent undertaking which is at the head of those undertakings.

Each has its own scope, dates and uses. Open one to see when it applies.