ANNEX I
CHARACTERISTICS OF OLIVE OIL
A. Quality characteristics
Category | Acidity (%)(*) | Peroxide value (mEq O2/kg) | K232 | K268 or K270 | ΔΚ | Organoleptic characteristics | Fatty acid ethyl esters (mg/kg) | |
Median of defect (Md)(*) (1) | Fruity median (Mf) (2) | |||||||
Extra virgin olive oil | ≤ 0,80 | ≤ 20,0 | ≤ 2,50 | ≤ 0,22 | ≤ 0,01 | Md = 0,0 | Mf > 0,0 | ≤ 35 |
Virgin olive oil | ≤ 2,0 | ≤ 20,0 | ≤ 2,60 | ≤ 0,25 | ≤ 0,01 | Md ≤ 3,5 | Mf > 0,0 | — |
Lampante olive oil | > 2,0 | — | — | — | — | Md > 3,5 (3) | — | — |
Refined olive oil | ≤ 0,30 | ≤ 5,0 | — | ≤ 1,25 | ≤ 0,16 | — | — | |
Olive oil composed of refined olive oil and virgin olive oils | ≤ 1,00 | ≤ 15,0 | — | ≤ 1,15 | ≤ 0,15 | — | — | |
Crude olive-pomace oil | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
Refined olive-pomace oil | ≤ 0,30 | ≤ 5,0 | — | ≤ 2,00 | ≤ 0,20 | — | — | |
Olive-pomace oil | ≤ 1,00 | ≤ 15,0 | — | ≤ 1,70 | ≤ 0,18 | — | — | |
B. Purity characteristics
Category | Fatty acid composition (4) | Total transoleic isomers (%) | Total translinoleic + trans-linolenic isomers (%) | Stigmastadienes (mg/kg) (6) | ΔΕCN42 | 2-glyceryl monopalmitate (%) | |||||
Myristic (%) | Linolenic (%) | Arachidic (%) | Eicosenoic (%) | Behenic (%) | Lignoceric (%) | ||||||
Extra virgin olive oil | ≤ 0,03 | ≤ 1,00 (5) | ≤ 0,60 | ≤ 0,50 | ≤ 0,20 | ≤ 0,20 | ≤ 0,05 | ≤ 0,05 | ≤ 0,05 | ≤ |0,20 | | ≤ 0,9 if total palmitic acid % ≤ 14,00 % |
≤ 1,0 if total palmitic acid % > 14,00 % | |||||||||||
Virgin olive oil | ≤ 0,03 | ≤ 1,00 (5) | ≤ 0,60 | ≤ 0,50 | ≤ 0,20 | ≤ 0,20 | ≤ 0,05 | ≤ 0,05 | ≤ 0,05 | ≤ |0,20 | | ≤ 0,9 if total palmitic acid % ≤ 14,00 % |
≤ 1,0 if total palmitic acid % > 14,00 % | |||||||||||
Lampante olive oil | ≤ 0,03 | ≤ 1,00 | ≤ 0,60 | ≤ 0,50 | ≤ 0,20 | ≤ 0,20 | ≤ 0,10 | ≤ 0,10 | ≤ 0,50 | ≤ |0,30 | | ≤ 0,9 if total palmitic acid % ≤ 14,00 % |
≤ 1,1 if total palmitic acid % > 14,00 % | |||||||||||
Refined olive oil | ≤ 0,03 | ≤ 1,00 | ≤ 0,60 | ≤ 0,50 | ≤ 0,20 | ≤ 0,20 | ≤ 0,20 | ≤ 0,30 | — | ≤|0,30 | | ≤ 0,9 if total palmitic acid % ≤ 14,00 % |
≤ 1,1 if total palmitic acid% > 14,00 % | |||||||||||
Olive oil composed of refined olive oil and virgin olive oils | ≤ 0,03 | ≤ 1,00 | ≤ 0,60 | ≤ 0,50 | ≤ 0,20 | ≤ 0,20 | ≤ 0,20 | ≤ 0,30 | — | ≤ |0,30 | | ≤ 0,9 if total palmitic acid% ≤ 14,00 % |
≤ 1,0 if total palmitic acid% > 14,00 % | |||||||||||
Crude olive-pomace oil | ≤ 0,03 | ≤ 1,00 | ≤ 0,60 | ≤ 0,50 | ≤ 0,30 | ≤ 0,20 | ≤ 0,20 | ≤ 0,10 | — | ≤ |0,60 | | ≤ 1,4 |
Refined olive-pomace oil | ≤ 0,03 | ≤ 1,00 | ≤ 0,60 | ≤ 0,50 | ≤ 0,30 | ≤ 0,20 | ≤ 0,40 | ≤ 0,35 | — | ≤ |0,50 | | ≤ 1,4 |
Olive-pomace oil | ≤ 0,03 | ≤ 1,00 | ≤ 0,60 | ≤ 0,50 | ≤ 0,30 | ≤ 0,20 | ≤ 0,40 | ≤ 0,35 | — | ≤ |0,50 | | ≤ 1,2 |
Table B continued
Category | Sterols composition | Total sterols (mg/kg) | Erythrodiol and uvaol (%)(**) | Waxes (mg/kg)(**) | |||||
Cholesterol (%) | Brassicasterol (%) | Campesterol (7) (%) | Stigmasterol (%) | Apparent β–sito-sterol (8) (%) | Δ-7-stigma-stenol (7) (%) | ||||
Extra virgin olive oil | ≤ 0,5 | ≤ 0,1 | ≤ 4,0 | < Camp. | ≥ 93,0 | ≤ 0,5 | ≥ 1 000 | ≤ 4,5 | C42 + C44 + C46 ≤ 150 |
Virgin olive oil | ≤ 0,5 | ≤ 0,1 | ≤ 4,0 | < Camp. | ≥ 93,0 | ≤ 0,5 | ≥ 1 000 | ≤ 4,5 | C42 + C44 + C46 ≤ 150 |
Lampante olive oil | ≤ 0,5 | ≤ 0,1 | ≤ 4,0 | — | ≥ 93,0 | ≤ 0,5 | ≥ 1 000 | ≤ 4,5 (9) | C40 + C42 + C44 + C46 ≤ 300 (9) |
Refined olive oil | ≤ 0,5 | ≤ 0,1 | ≤ 4,0 | < Camp. | ≥ 93,0 | ≤ 0,5 | ≥ 1 000 | ≤ 4,5 (10) | C40 + C42 + C44 + C46 ≤ 350 |
Olive oil composed of refined olive oil and virgin olive oils | ≤ 0,5 | ≤ 0,1 | ≤ 4,0 | < Camp. | ≥ 93,0 | ≤ 0,5 | ≥ 1 000 | ≤ 4,5 | C40 + C42 + C44 + C46 ≤ 350 |
Crude olive-pomace oil | ≤ 0,5 | ≤ 0,2 | ≤ 4,0 | — | ≥ 93,0 | ≤ 0,5 | ≥ 2 500 | > 4,5 (11) | C40 + C42 + C44 + C46 > 350 (11) |
Refined olive-pomace oil | ≤ 0,5 | ≤ 0,2 | ≤ 4,0 | < Camp. | ≥ 93,0 | ≤ 0,5 | ≥ 1 800 | > 4,5 | C40 + C42 + C44 + C46 > 350 |
Olive-pomace oil | ≤ 0,5 | ≤ 0,2 | ≤ 4,0 | < Camp. | ≥ 93,0 | ≤ 0,5 | ≥ 1 600 | > 4,5 | C40 + C42 + C44 + C46 > 350 |
Notes:
(a) | The results of the analyses must be expressed to the same number of decimal places as used for each characteristic. The last digit must be increased by one unit if the following digit is greater than 4. |
(b) | If just a single characteristic does not match the values stated, the category of an oil shall be changed or the oil shall be declared non-compliant for the purposes of this Regulation. |
(c) | For lampante olive oil, both quality characteristics marked with an asterisk (*) may differ simultaneously from the limits established for that category. |
(d) | If a characteristic is marked with two asterisks (**), this means that for crude olive-pomace oil, it is possible for both the relevant limits to be different from the stated values at the same time. For olive-pomace oil and refined olive-pomace oil one of the relevant limits may be different from the stated values. |
Appendix
Decision trees
Campesterol decision tree for virgin and extra virgin olive oils:
4.0 \% < \mathrm{Campesterol} \le 4.5 \% \quad \text{and} \quad \mathrm{Stigmasterol} \le 1.4 \% \quad \text{and} \quad \Delta\text{-7-stigmastenol} \le 0.3 \%
The other parameters shall comply with the limits fixed in this Regulation.
Delta-7-stigmastenol decision tree for:
— | Extra virgin and virgin olive oils |
\begin{cases} \mathrm{Campesterol} \le 3.3\% \\ \mathrm{App}. \text{ } \beta\text{-}\mathrm{sitosterol} / (\mathrm{campest} + \Delta 7\mathrm{stig}) \ge 25 \\ \mathrm{Stigmasterol} \le 1.4\% \\ \Delta \mathrm{ECN}42 \le |0.10| \end{cases} \quad \text{if } 0.5\% < \Delta\text{-}7\text{-}\mathrm{stigmastenol} \le 0.8\%
The other parameters shall comply with the limits fixed in this Regulation.
— | Lampante olive oils |
\begin{cases} \mathrm{Campesterol} \le 3.3\% \\ \mathrm{App}. \text{ } \beta\text{-}\mathrm{sitosterol} / (\mathrm{campest} + \Delta 7\mathrm{stig}) \ge 25 \\ \mathrm{Stigmasterol} \le 1.4\% \\ \Delta \mathrm{ECN}42 \le |0.10| \end{cases} \quad \text{if } 0.5\% < \Delta\text{-}7\text{-}\mathrm{stigmastenol} \le 0.8\%
The other parameters shall comply with the limits fixed in this Regulation.
— | Refined olive oils and olive oils composed of refined olive oils and virgin olive oils |
\begin{cases} 0.5\% < \Delta\text{-7-stigmasterol} \le 0.8\% \\ \mathrm{Apparent~\beta-sitosterol} / (\mathrm{campesterol} + \Delta\text{-7-stigmasterol}) \ge 24 \\ \Delta\mathrm{ECN42} \le |0.15| \end{cases}
The other parameters shall comply with the limits fixed in this Regulation.
— | Crude olive-pomace oil, refined olive-pomace oil and olive-pomace oil |
0.5\% < \Delta\text{-}7\text{-stigmastenol} \le 0.7\% \quad \text{and} \quad \Delta\text{ECN}42 \le |0.40| \quad \text{or} \quad \text{Stigmasterol} \le 1.4\%
The other parameters shall comply with the limits fixed in this Regulation.
(1) The median of the defects is defined as the median of the defect perceived with the greatest intensity.
(2) When the median of the bitter and/or pungent attribute is more than 5,0, the panel leader shall report this.
(3) The median of defect may be less than or equal to 3,5 when the fruity median is equal to 0,0.
(4) Other fatty acids content (%): palmitic: 7,00-20,00; palmitoleic: 0,30-3,50; heptadecanoic: ≤ 0,40; heptadecenoic ≤ 0,60; stearic: 0,50-5,00; oleic: 55,00-85,00; linoleic: 2,50-21,00.
(5) When the linolenic acid is more than 1,00 but less than or equal 1,40, the ratio apparent β-sitosterol/campesterol has to be greater than or equal to 24.
(6) Total isomers which could (or could not) be separated by capillary column.
(7) See the Appendix to this Annex.
(8) Apparent β-sitosterol: Δ-5,23-stigmastadienol+clerosterol+ β-sitosterol+sitostanol+ Δ-5-avenasterol+ Δ-5,24-stigmastadienol.
(9) Oils with a wax content of between 300 mg/kg and 350 mg/kg are considered to be lampante olive oil if the total aliphatic alcohol content is less than or equal to 350 mg/kg or if the erythrodiol and uvaol content is less than or equal to 3,5 %.
(10) Oils with an erythrodiol + uvaol content of between 4,5 and 6 % must have an erythrodiol content of less than or equal to 75 mg/kg.
(11) Oils with a wax content of between 300 mg/kg and 350 mg/kg are considered to be crude olive-pomace oil if the total aliphatic alcohol content is above 350 mg/kg and if the erythrodiol and uvaol content is greater than 3,5 %.