(9)The CFTC also has enforcement responsibilities. Under CEA Section 6b, the CFTC may issue an order directing the cessation of specified activities and impose civil or criminal penalties if a DCM is found to violate the CEA or the CFTC's regulations. Pursuant to CEA Section 6c(a)) the CFTC may also bring an action in US federal court against any registered entity or other person that violates provisions of the CEA as well as relevant CFTC rules, regulations and orders. DCMs assume certain supervisory responsibilities and are required to monitor and enforce compliance with the internal rules of each DCM. Under ‘emergency powers’ (CEA § 8a(9)) the CFTC is authorised to direct a DCM to take such action as, in the CFTC's judgment, is necessary to maintain or restore orderly trading in or liquidation of a given derivative contract. The DCMs are also required to have arrangements and resources for effective enforcement of its internal rules.