(2)Member States may disapply or modify on the basis of reciprocity the requirements of Article 45(1) and (3) of Directive 2006/43/EC in relation to the auditors and audit entities of a third country provided that the public oversight, quality assurance, investigation and penalty systems for auditors and audit entities of that third country are deemed to be equivalent to the requirements under the Directive. The conditions under which the requirements of Article 45(1) and (3) of Directive 2006/43/EC may be disapplied or modified as a consequence of the determination of equivalence are, as a general rule, set out in a cooperative arrangement as referred to in Article 46(3) of Directive 2006/43/EC between the Member State and the relevant third country system of public oversight, quality assurance and investigations and penalties, and communicated to the Commission.