(17)Finally, with regard to the effective supervision and enforcement of the legal arrangements in the USA, the CFTC has broad investigative and surveillance powers to assess compliance with the timely confirmation, portfolio compression and reconciliation, valuation and dispute resolution obligations applicable to OTC derivative contracts not cleared by a CCP. The CFTC can take a wide range of supervisory measures to stop any breach of the applicable requirements. Moreover, the USA legal framework provides for civil penalties, including temporary or permanent restraining orders or injunctions, and fines, as well as criminal penalties, for breaches of the applicable requirements. Those measures should therefore be considered to provide for the effective application of the relevant legal, regulatory and enforcement arrangements under the Dodd-Frank Act, CEA and CFTC Regulations in an equitable and non-distortive manner so as to ensure effective supervision and enforcement.