(22)The CEA and CFTC regulations establish a comprehensive regulatory framework to ensure market integrity and prevent insider dealing and market manipulation. This framework prohibits, and authorises the CFTC to take enforcement action against conduct which could result in distorting the functioning of the markets such as price manipulations and communication of false or misleading information (CEA §§ 6(c) and 9(a)(2), §§ 180.1 and 180.2 of the Commission's regulations), trade practice violations (CEA §§ 4c(a)(1)-(2)), certain disruptive practices that could impair the orderly execution of transactions (CEA § 4c(a)(5)) and the use, or attempted use, of a manipulative device, scheme or artifice to defraud (CEA § 6(c)(1), 17 CFR § 180.1 of the Commission's regulations) Trading on the basis of unlawfully obtained inside information or in breach of a pre-existing duty to disclose material non-public information may also be a violation of the CEA. DCMs and SEFs have the responsibility to monitor their markets to help ensure that trading activities are subject to ongoing and effective surveillance and in order to detect and prevent manipulative activity that could result in price distortion or market manipulation. The CFTC's RER program evaluates a DCM's surveillance and disciplinary programs.A similar program is being developed for SEFs. Furthermore, the CFTC can, at any time and on its own initiative, request a DCM or a SEF to demonstrate that it is in compliance with obligations of the DCM or SEF under the CEA or the CFTC regulations.