(4)The amendments to IFRS 4 permit entities that predominantly undertake insurance activities the option to defer the effective date of IFRS 9 until 1 January 2021. The effect of such a deferral is that the entities concerned may continue to report under the existing standard, International Accounting Standard (IAS) 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement . The amendments to IFRS 4 also permit entities that issue insurance contracts to remove from profit or loss some of the additional accounting mismatches and temporary volatility that could occur when applying IFRS 9 before IFRS 17 is implemented.