(3)A significantly different value in the index is a major cause of frustration or breach of the terms of any financial contract or financial instrument or the rules of any investment fund, referencing a benchmark. Those significantly different values can be caused by a sudden discontinuity in time series of the index or a different degree of volatility of the index, which in turn can be caused by changes to the methodology for the provision of the benchmark or to the input data on which the benchmark calculation is based. Competent authorities should assess the potential impacts of such changes on a case-by-case basis since the magnitude of the discontinuity or the extent of the change in the volatility of the index depends very much on the nature of the benchmark and of the referencing financial instruments, financial contracts or investment funds.