(2)In early 2020, a substantial selling pressure and unusual volatility stemming from the global outbreak of COVID-19 led to significant downward price spirals affecting issuers from all sectors across financial markets. The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) made use of its intervention powers in exceptional circumstances to temporarily lower the relevant notification threshold for significant net short positions in shares, in order to improve both ESMA’s and regulators’ monitoring activity of such positions, determine whether more stringent actions could be appropriate and be able to react quickly.