(2)Article 169(1) and Article 169(2), point (a), of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) provide that the Union is to contribute to the attainment of a high level of consumer protection through the measures adopted pursuant to Article 114 thereof. Article 38 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the ‘Charter’) provides that Union policies are to ensure a high level of consumer protection.